Information processing apparatus and non-transitory computer readable medium

ABSTRACT

An information processing apparatus is used in contact with a user, and includes a detection unit and a control unit. The detection unit detects motion of the user, the motion being performed to operate an object as an operation target that is present in a real space from a facing position, and the motion being performed in the real space without contacting the object. The control unit instructs the object to execute an operation corresponding to the detected motion of the user.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 fromJapanese Patent Application No. 2018-034105 filed Feb. 28, 2018.

BACKGROUND (i) Technical Field

The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus anda non-transitory computer readable medium.

(ii) Related Art

There is provided a technique of recognizing a device included in animage captured using a camera built in a portable device operated by auser and displaying a virtual user interface corresponding to therecognized device in an augmented reality space to allow operating thedevice through the virtual user interface.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided aninformation processing apparatus that is used in contact with a user,including: a detection unit that detects motion of the user, the motionbeing performed to operate an object as an operation target that ispresent in a real space from a facing position, and the motion beingperformed in the real space without contacting the object; and a controlunit that instructs the object to execute an operation corresponding tothe detected motion of the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described indetail based on the following figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system according to a first exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the hardware configuration of an imageforming apparatus;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the hardware configuration of asmartphone;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the functional configurationimplemented by a processing circuit section through execution of aprogram;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationexecuted by the processing circuit section;

FIG. 6 illustrates a scene in which a user captures an image of his/herown index finger as superposed on the image forming apparatus;

FIG. 7 illustrates a scene in which the user captures an image in whichthe user makes pushing operation in the air with his/her index fingerwithout contacting the image forming apparatus;

FIG. 8 illustrates a different method of notifying the user of receptionof an operation;

FIG. 9 illustrates a different method of notifying the user of receptionof an operation;

FIG. 10 illustrates a different method of notifying the user ofreception of an operation;

FIG. 11 illustrates a method in which an index finger image is notdisplayed on a liquid crystal display;

FIG. 12 illustrates a different method in which an index finger image isnot displayed on the liquid crystal display;

FIG. 13 illustrates a different method in which an index finger image isnot displayed on the liquid crystal display;

FIG. 14 illustrates a case where an operation target is a calculatorthat has a communication function;

FIG. 15 illustrates a case where the operation target is a lever;

FIG. 16 illustrates a different example of the case where the operationtarget is a lever;

FIG. 17 illustrates a case where the operation target is a single-swingdoor that opens and closes about a hinged portion;

FIG. 18 illustrates a state in which the single-swing door is slightlyopened by capturing an image in which the user makes motion to push outhis/her right hand in the air using the smartphone;

FIG. 19 illustrates a state in which the single-swing door is greatlyopened by capturing an image in which the user makes motion to push outhis/her right hand in the air using the smartphone;

FIG. 20 illustrates a case where the single-swing door is provided witha lever-type handle;

FIG. 21 illustrates a case where an image capture target is a lightingfixture;

FIG. 22 illustrates a case where the image capture target is a switchthat is used to turn on the lighting fixture;

FIG. 23 illustrates a case where the image capture target is acalculator image displayed on a display device;

FIG. 24 illustrates a case where motion of the user captured in an imageusing the smartphone is associated with an operation of an operatordisplayed on a screen;

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a system according to a secondexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 26 illustrates a case where a safe is captured in an image as theoperation target;

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of the hardware configuration of thesafe;

FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationexecuted by a micro processing unit (MPU);

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a system according to a fourthexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 30 illustrates a case where the smartphone receives motion of apart of the body of the user as an operation on the single-swing door asdescribed in relation to the exemplary embodiment discussed earlier;

FIG. 31 illustrates a scheme in which plural users share information onan operation via a network;

FIG. 32 illustrates a case where the single-swing door is pushed openusing one of three smartphones;

FIG. 33 illustrates a scene in which a state in which the single-swingdoor is open is shared among the three smartphones;

FIG. 34 illustrates a case where an instruction to move a potted plantis provided by a gesture;

FIG. 35 illustrates the hardware configuration of a robot;

FIG. 36 illustrates how the potted plant is moved using the robot;

FIG. 37 illustrates a different example of positions facing the imageforming apparatus;

FIG. 38 illustrates an example in which a housing section for paper isopened and closed by a gesture;

FIG. 39 illustrates an operation example for a case where a mechanism(post-processing device) that applies a punching process or a bindingprocess to printed paper is provided;

FIGS. 40A to 40C illustrate screen variations caused on a displaysection in the case where a post-processing device image is selected byan index finger image, in which FIG. 40A illustrates display before agesture by the index finger image is received, FIG. 40B illustratesdisplay after a gesture by the index finger image is received, and FIG.40C illustrates an example of a screen of the smartphone that receivesan operation by a gesture; and

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of a function of notifying the user thata gesture of continuously pushing is detected even after thesingle-swing door is opened to a maximum allowable angle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described belowwith reference to the drawings.

First Exemplary Embodiment <System Example>

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system according to a first exemplaryembodiment.

The system illustrated in FIG. 1 includes an image forming apparatus 100that forms an image on a recording material (hereinafter occasionallyreferred to representatively as “paper”), and a smartphone 200 thatcaptures an image of the image forming apparatus 100.

The image forming apparatus 100 is an example of the object that ispresent in the real space, and is also an example of the informationprocessing apparatus.

The image forming apparatus 100 has a copy function of generating aduplicate, a scan function of reading an image of a document, afacsimile transmission/reception function of transmitting and receivinga facsimile image to and from another device, a print function ofrecording an image on paper, etc. The copy function is implemented bycombining the scan function and the print function.

It is not necessary that the image forming apparatus 100 should have allof the copy function, the scan function, and the facsimiletransmission/reception function, and the image forming apparatus 100 maybe a device that specializes in one of such functions such as a copier,a scanner, a facsimile transmitter/receiver, or a printer (including athree-dimensional printer), for example. The image forming apparatus 100may also be a device that has a combination of several functionsselected from such functions.

The image forming apparatus 100 includes a user interface section 110that is used to receive an operation from a user and present variouskinds of information to the user, an image reading unit 120 that readsan image of a document, an image forming unit 130 that records an imageon paper, and a housing section 140 that houses the paper.

The smartphone 200 is a portable terminal device, and includes a camerafor image capture, a display screen, a communication function, etc. asdiscussed later. The smartphone 200 is an example of the informationprocessing apparatus.

An image 100A of the image forming apparatus 100 is displayed on thedisplay screen of the smartphone 200 illustrated in FIG. 1.

<Configuration of Image Forming Apparatus>

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the hardware configuration of the imageforming apparatus 100.

Portions in FIG. 2 corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

The user interface section 110 includes a display section 111 that isused to display an operation screen etc., and an operation receivingsection 112 that receives an operation input by the user.

The display section 111 includes a liquid crystal display panel, anorganic electro-luminescence (EL) display panel, or the like, forexample.

The operation receiving section 112 includes a button, a touch pad, orthe like that receives an operation input by the user.

The image reading unit 120 includes an image reading section that readsan image from a document, and a document transport section thattransports the document to the image reading section. The image readingunit 120 is disposed on top of the image forming unit 130.

The image forming unit 130 has a micro processing unit (MPU) 131 thatfunctions as a control section, a read only memory (ROM) 132, and arandom access memory (RAM) 133.

The MPU 131 provides various kinds of functions by executing a programsuch as firmware read from the ROM 132. The RAM 133 is used as a workarea for the program.

Besides, the image forming unit 130 includes a storage section 134 thatis used to store image data etc., an image processing section 135 thatperforms image processing such as color correction and tone correctionon the image data, an image forming section 136 that forms an image onpaper using an electrophotographic system or an inkjet system, acommunication section 137 that is used for external communication, etc.

The storage section 134 includes a non-volatile storage medium such as ahard disk device or a semiconductor memory. The storage section 134stores image data on a document read by the image reading unit 120 andimage data received through the communication section 137.

The image processing section 135 includes a dedicated processor orprocessing board, for example.

The communication section 137 includes a local area network (LAN)interface or an interface for a facsimile communication network service.The LAN interface is used for communication with the smartphone 200 (seeFIG. 1) discussed earlier.

The MPU 131, the ROM 132, the RAM 133, the storage section 134, theimage processing section 135, the image forming section 136, and thecommunication section 137 are connected to each other through a bus 138.The user interface section 110 and the image reading unit 120 discussedearlier are connected to the bus 138 through an interface 139.

<Configuration of Smartphone>

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the hardware configuration of thesmartphone 200.

The smartphone 200 includes a processing circuit section 210 thatprocesses data, a non-volatile memory 221 that stores a program anddata, an audio circuit 222 that receives and outputs an audio signal, aliquid crystal display (LCD) 223 that displays an image, a power sourcecontrol device 224, a camera 225 that captures an image, a touch pad 226that detects contact with an operation surface, a Wi-Fi (WirelessFidelity) module 227 that transmits and receives a wireless signal thatconforms to the Wi-Fi (registered trademark) standard, and a Bluetooth(registered trademark) module 228 that transmits and receives a wirelesssignal that conforms to the Bluetooth (registered trademark) standardwhich is one of near-field communication standards.

In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, a surface provided withthe camera 225 and a surface provided with the liquid crystal display223 are a front surface and a back surface, respectively.

This enables the user to capture an image of an object (e.g. the imageforming apparatus) that is present in the real space and a part (e.g. afinger, a hand, or a foot) of his/her own body using the camera 225while confirming the image on the liquid crystal display 223.

In the case where plural cameras 225 are provided or in the case whereplural liquid crystal displays 223 are provided, it is only necessarythat at least a set of a camera 225 and a liquid crystal display 223should be disposed on the front surface and the back surface,respectively.

In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal display 223 is used.However, a different display unit such as an organicelectro-luminescence (EL) display may also be used.

The processing circuit section 210 includes a memory control section 211that controls reading and writing of data from and into the memory 221,plural central processing unit (CPU) cores that execute processing, apower source management section 213 that manages supply of power, asystem management section 214 that manages operation of a built-insystem, an audio processing section 215 that processes an audio signal,a graphics processing unit (GPU) 216 that processes an image in realtime, a display control section 217 that displays an image on the liquidcrystal display 223, an external interface (I/F) 218 that is used forconnection with an external module, and a baseband circuit 219 thatprocesses a baseband signal.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the functional configurationimplemented by the processing circuit section 210 through execution of aprogram.

The processing circuit section 210 is an example of the detection unit,and is also an example of the control unit.

The processing circuit section 210 functions as a gesture detectionsection 251 that detects a gesture by the user by processing image data,an operation target detection section 252 that detects an operationtarget object, a target function acquisition section 253 that acquiresinformation on a function of the object from the operation target object(the image forming apparatus 100 in the present embodiment), anoperation receiving section 254 that receives a gesture by the user asan operation, an instruction transmitting section 255 that transmits aninstruction corresponding to the received operation to the targetobject, and a notification section 256 that notifies the user ofreception of the operation.

The gesture detection section 251 according to the present embodimentdetects motion of a part (e.g. a finger, a hand, or a foot) of the bodyof the user from an image captured by the camera 225 as a gesture. Themeaning of the motion differs for each object (e.g. the image formingapparatus 100) detected as the operation target.

Examples of the gesture according to the present embodiment includepushing, pulling, rotating, grasping, kicking, stepping on, clicking,double-clicking, dragging, tapping, flicking, and swiping.

The operation target detection section 252 according to the presentembodiment detects an object as the operation target, an operatorthereof, etc. by analyzing an image displayed on the liquid crystaldisplay 223 (see FIG. 3).

Examples of the operator according to the present embodiment include aphysical structure (e.g. a button and a switch) to be operated anddisplay (e.g. a button and a switch) on a screen reproduced in asoftware manner.

The image to be used in the processing is not limited to real-time imagedata acquired from the camera 225 provided to the smartphone 200, andmay be image data acquired from the memory 221 or acquired externally.

In the case where plural objects are included in the screen, theoperation target detection section 252 may detect an object, an image ofwhich displayed on the liquid crystal display 223 is closer to thecenter of the screen, as the target, or may detect an object, an imageof which is superposed on an image of a part of the body of the user, asthe operation target, for example.

The operation target detection section 252 may detect a device selectedby the user from a list of devices being connected with the smartphone200 through a wireless LAN or the like as the operation target.

The target function acquisition section 253 according to the presentembodiment acquires information on an operator that is operable throughcommunication with an object detected by the operation target detectionsection 252, for example. For example, the target function acquisitionsection 253 acquires information on an operator using a wireless LAN.

The target function acquisition section 253 may also acquire informationon an operator that is operable from each of communicable devices, forexample.

The operation target is not limited to an object that has acommunication function. Examples of such an operation target include aplant and a natural object. Also in this case, the target functionacquisition section 253 may acquire information on an executableoperation through communication with a different device such as a robotthat is capable of making motion on behalf of a person.

The operation receiving section 254 according to the present embodimentreceives a detected gesture as an operation in association with aparticular function of the operation target object.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the operation target object is present at aposition facing the user. Therefore, the direction in which the camera225 (see FIG. 3) captures an image of a part of the body of the user andthe direction in which the camera 225 captures an image of the operationtarget object are the same as each other.

The facing position may be a position at which the user and theoperation target object face each other, and is not necessarily aposition at which the user and the object directly face each other. Forexample, if there is any portion (e.g. a portion of a side surface or aportion of the back surface) of the object that faces the user, it ispossible to associate the operation target and a gesture by the userwith each other, which allows the user to provide an instruction to theassociated object. Thus, the user may be positioned diagonally forwardof the object in order to face the object.

The instruction transmitting section 255 according to the presentembodiment transmits an instruction corresponding to the receivedoperation to the target object (e.g. the image forming apparatus). Inaddition, the instruction transmitting section 255 has a function ofacquiring a response to an instruction (e.g. reception of aninstruction) from the target object.

In the case where a particular gesture and an instruction of a functionare associated with each part of the operation target object, theinstruction transmitting section 225 may transmit an instructionreceived through a gesture. In this case, an operation on an operationscreen is not necessary.

In the case where it is necessary to perform an operation on anoperation screen, it is necessary to perform an operation to select oneof plural choices disposed in the operation screen or reach a choicethat is positioned in a deep hierarchy.

The notification section 256 according to the present embodiment makesvarious kinds of notifications that assist the user in performing anoperation by a gesture through the audio circuit 222 or the liquidcrystal display 223.

<Processing Operation Performed by Processing Circuit Section>

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationexecuted by the processing circuit section 210. In FIG. 5, steps aredenoted by the symbol S.

The processing circuit section 210 according to the present embodimentrecognizes a part (e.g. a finger) of a human body that is captured inthe screen of the liquid crystal display 223 (see FIG. 3) (step 101).

Next, the processing circuit section 210 detects motion of therecognized part of the human body (step 102).

The above processes are executed by the gesture detection section 251(see FIG. 4), for example.

After that, the processing circuit section 210 specifies a portion of anobject superposed on an image of the part of the human body in thescreen (step 103). This process is executed by the operation targetdetection section 252 (see FIG. 4), for example.

The processing circuit section 210 also recognizes an operation targetobject in advance or concurrently. In the case where an operation targetobject may not be specified, the processing circuit section 210 makes anotification that an operation target object may not be specified, thatan image that includes a model or the like should be captured, etc. Thisprocess is executed by the notification section 256 (see FIG. 4), forexample.

Subsequently, the processing circuit section 210 receives the detectedmotion of the human body as an operation on the specified portion (step104). This process is executed by the operation receiving section 254,for example. The processing circuit section 210 occasionally does notreceive the detected motion as an operation in the case where nofunction is correlated with the specified portion or in the case wherethe detected motion is not related to execution of the correlatedfunction.

Next, the processing circuit section 210 determines whether or not thetarget object is controllable through communication (step 105). Thisprocess is also executed by the operation receiving section 254, forexample.

In the case where a positive result is obtained in step 105, theprocessing circuit section 210 transmits a signal that instructsexecution of the operation to the target object (step 106).

In the case where a negative result is obtained in step 105, theprocessing circuit section 210 determines whether or not there is anyself-running device that is capable of making an operation on behalf(step 107).

In the case where a positive result is obtained in step 107, theprocessing circuit section 210 transmits a signal that instructsexecution of the operation to the self-running device (step 108).

In the case where a negative result is obtained in step 107, theprocessing circuit section 210 makes a notification that the operationmay not be performed (step 109).

OPERATION EXAMPLES

Operation examples implemented using the functions discussed earlierwill be described below.

Operation Example 1

FIG. 6 illustrates a scene in which the user captures an image ofhis/her own index finger 301 as superposed on the image formingapparatus 100.

When capturing an image, the user holds the smartphone 200 with his/herleft hand. An index finger 301 is of the right hand of the user, and isnot in contact with the image forming apparatus 100.

In the case of FIG. 6, a portion of the user interface section 110 isdisplayed as enlarged on the liquid crystal display 223 of thesmartphone 200.

This display state is obtained by moving two fingers in contact with thescreen of the liquid crystal display 223 away from each other with animage of the image forming apparatus 100 displayed on the liquid crystaldisplay 223. Zoom-up is achieved without contacting the liquid crystaldisplay 223 if a voice recognition technique is used.

In the case of FIG. 6, an image 270 (a button 271 for language switchingand a button 272 for screen brightness adjustment) in which a portion ofthe user interface section 110 that is present in the real space iscaptured and an index finger image 301A are displayed on the liquidcrystal display 223.

In the real space, as discussed earlier, the image forming apparatus100, the index finger 301 of the user, and the smartphone 200 arepositioned sequentially in this order from the farther side.

Thus, the index finger image 301A captured by the smartphone 200 isdisplayed as superposed on the closer side of the user interface sectionimage 270.

To operate the image forming apparatus 100 using motion of the indexfinger 301, it is necessary that the image forming apparatus 100 shouldbe specified in advance as the operation target.

To specify the image forming apparatus 100, it is possible to use atechnique of specifying a model by processing an image of the imageforming apparatus 100, a technique of detecting character informationsuch as a model number included in an image, a technique of allowingselecting one from candidates displayed on the liquid crystal display223, or the like, for example. The candidates are given as a list ofdevices being connected with the smartphone 200 through a wireless LANor the like, for example.

It is assumed that the image forming apparatus 100 has already beenspecified as the operation target.

In the case of FIG. 6, two operators (the button 271 for languageswitching and the button 272 for screen brightness adjustment) that areoperable are displayed on the liquid crystal display 223. However, threeor more operators may be displayed, or only one operator may bedisplayed.

In the case of FIG. 6, two operators are displayed on the liquid crystaldisplay 223, and thus it is necessary to move the index finger 301 inthe air such that the operation target operator and the index fingerimage 301A are superposed on each other.

Movement of the index finger 301 in the air is also detected by thesmartphone 200 as motion of the user. It should be noted, however, thatmotion in the horizontal direction is not correlated with motion of anoperation on the operator captured in an image.

Therefore, motion made before the index finger image 301A is superposedon the button 272 for screen brightness adjustment is not received as anoperation on the operator.

In the present embodiment, motion of the index finger image 301A isdetected since the operation target includes buttons. However, a portionof the body as the detection target may be determined in accordance withthe operation target. For example, a part of a human body such as ahand, an arm, or a foot may be determined as the detection target.

FIG. 7 illustrates a scene in which the user captures an image in whichthe user makes pushing operation in the air with his/her index finger301 without contacting the image forming apparatus 100. Portions in FIG.7 corresponding to those in FIG. 6 are denoted by the correspondingreference numerals.

The pushing operation refers to motion in the direction in which theindex finger 301 is moved away from the smartphone 200. In other words,the pushing operation refers to motion in the direction of the imageforming apparatus 100.

Specifically, the pushing operation corresponds to motion to push anoperator displayed on the user interface section 110 in the actualspace. This is because the direction of the line of sight of the userand the direction in which the camera 225 (see FIG. 3) captures an imagecoincide with each other.

The index finger image 301A is superposed on the button 272 for screenbrightness adjustment on the liquid crystal display 223 illustrated inFIG. 7, and thus the smartphone 200 detects the pushing operation as anoperation to push the button 272 for screen brightness adjustment.

In the case of the present embodiment, the smartphone 200 stores therelationship between the operators and motion in the memory 221 (seeFIG. 3). The memory 221 may store the relationship between some of theoperators provided to the image forming apparatus 100 and motion.

The relationship between images of the operators provided to the imageforming apparatus 100 and motion recognized as operations may be storedin the image forming apparatus 100, and a process of specifying anoperation target operator may be executed by the image forming apparatus100.

In FIG. 7, the smartphone 200 is able to communicate with the imageforming apparatus 100, and thus transmits a signal that instructs anoperation of the button 272 for screen brightness adjustment to theimage forming apparatus 100.

The smartphone 200 according to the present embodiment is prepared for afunction of notifying the user of reception of an operation.

Therefore, in FIG. 7, the user is notified of reception of an operationby varying the manner of display of the button 272 for screen brightnessadjustment.

Examples of the method of varying the manner of display includeincreasing the brightness of a region in which the button as theoperation target is displayed, flashing the region, and varying theregion to a different color.

The function of notifying the user of reception of an operation is notnecessary.

Operation Example 2

FIG. 8 illustrates a different method of notifying the user of receptionof an operation.

Portions in FIG. 8 corresponding to those in FIG. 7 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 8, a “click” sound is output from a speaker (notillustrated) although display of the button 272 for screen brightnessadjustment is not varied.

A speech such as “Your operation has been received” may be generated inthe notification method which uses a sound.

Operation Example 3

FIG. 9 illustrates a different method of notifying the user of receptionof an operation.

Portions in FIG. 9 corresponding to those in FIG. 7 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 9, a small screen 280 that indicates reception of anoperation is additionally displayed although display of the button 272for screen brightness adjustment is not varied.

A character string “Your operation has been received” is written in thescreen 280 illustrated in FIG. 9. As a matter of course, this characterstring is exemplary.

Operation Example 4

FIG. 10 illustrates a different method of notifying the user ofreception of an operation.

Portions in FIG. 10 corresponding to those in FIG. 7 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 10, the manner of display of the index finger image301A has been varied from the manner before reception of an operationalthough display of the button 272 for screen brightness adjustment isnot varied.

Examples of the method of varying the manner of display includeincreasing the brightness of a region in which the index finger image301A is displayed, flashing the region, and varying the region to adifferent color.

Operation Example 5

FIG. 11 illustrates a method in which the index finger image 301A (seeFIG. 7) is not displayed on the liquid crystal display 223.

Portions in FIG. 11 corresponding to those in FIG. 7 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the method in which a part of a human body that has entered the rangeof an image captured by the camera 225 (see FIG. 3) is always displayed,for example, a large portion of an operator may be hidden by the part ofthe human body. For example, characters written on the operator may behidden by an image of a hand or an arm.

In such a case, the user may not be able to confirm the operation targetoperator on the screen, or may be able to confirm only a part thereof,which may hinder an operation.

If characters written on an operator may not be confirmed, the user maynot be able to see what operator he/she is operating, and may perform anerroneous operation.

Thus, in FIG. 11, the index finger image 301A has been erased from thescreen through image processing.

Operation Example 6

In the case of Operation Example 5 (see FIG. 11), meanwhile, thepositional relationship between an operator and the index finger image301A may not be easily seeable, or it may not be seeable whether or notan operation has been actually received, since the index finger image301A is not displayed.

FIG. 12 illustrates a different method in which the index finger image301A (see FIG. 7) is not displayed on the liquid crystal display 223.

Portions in FIG. 12 corresponding to those in FIG. 11 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In FIG. 12, the manner of display of an operator (the button 272 forscreen brightness adjustment) at a position actually superposed by theindex finger image 301A is varied to assist confirmation by the user. InFIG. 12, in addition, the screen 280 with a character string indicatingreception of an operation is also displayed.

Operation Example 7

FIG. 13 illustrates a different method in which the index finger image301A (see FIG. 7) is not displayed on the liquid crystal display 223.

Portions in FIG. 13 corresponding to those in FIG. 11 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

While the index finger image 301A is not displayed at all in OperationExample 6, it is also conceivable that there is a desire to confirm aposition on the screen.

FIG. 13 illustrates a display method provided in consideration of such adesire, and illustrates the contour line of a region in which the indexfinger image 301A is positioned. The contour line is an example of thenotation that suggests a portion of the body of the user.

In FIG. 13, the contour line of the index finger image 301A is indicatedby the broken line. However, a transparent image obtained through imageprocessing may be displayed in place of an actual image. The transparentimage is also an example of the notation that suggests a portion of thebody of the user.

Only a fingertip portion may be selectively displayed by a contour lineor as a transparent image while other portions are displayed as anactual image. On the contrary, only a fingertip portion may beselectively displayed as an actual image.

Operation Example 8

FIG. 14 illustrates a case where the operation target is a calculator400 that has a communication function.

In the case of FIG. 14, the user's index finger image 301A is displayedas a transparent image as superposed on a calculator image 400A. Unlikea contour line, a transparent image is displayed such that an actualimage is seeable therethrough.

In the case where operators are small in dimensions such as those of thecalculator 400, however, there remains a possibility of a push error.

Thus, the size of a part of the body displayed on the liquid crystaldisplay 223 may be selectable. For example, the size of such a part ofthe body may be increased or reduced compared to the actual image. Thesize of such a part of the body may be adjustable stepwise.

Operation Example 9

FIG. 15 illustrates a case where the operation target is a lever 500.

Examples of the lever 500 according to the present embodiment include acontrol column, a joystick, a shift lever, a blinker lever, a brakelever, and a vehicle controller.

In the case of FIG. 15, the operation target is the lever 500, and thusthe user sticks out his/her right hand 310 in the air as if graspingsomething. In the case of this example, when the right hand 310 is movedback and forth and right and left, the lever 500 makes the same motionin accordance with an instruction from the smartphone 200 which detectsthe motion of the right hand 310.

The liquid crystal display 223 displays a right hand image 310A graspinga lever image 500A. The right hand image 310A may be displayed simply assuperposed on the lever image 500A.

It is not necessary to move the lever 500 in conjunction with the righthand 310, and it is only necessary that the target to be controlled bythe lever 500 should be controlled in accordance with the motion of theright hand 310.

This is because the lever 500 is an input device, not the final controltarget. Thus, communication between the lever 500 and the smartphone 200is not necessary. It is only necessary that the smartphone 200 should beable to communicate with a device to be controlled in accordance with anoperation of the lever 500, even if the smartphone 200 is not able tocommunicate with the lever 500.

The smartphone 200 according to this operation example is prepared for afunction of decorating a part of the body of the user displayed on theliquid crystal display 223 in accordance with the attribute of the useror the environment of use.

For example, while a part of the body captured in an image by the camera225 (see FIG. 3) is displayed as an actual image in the case ofOperation Example 1 (see FIG. 6), a right hand image 310A wearing a thinglove is displayed in the example of FIG. 15. The glove is an example ofthe equipment.

The type of decoration to be used may be selected by the user inadvance, or stored in the memory 221 (see FIG. 3) of the smartphone 200.Alternatively, a notification of the type of decoration to be used maybe provided from the lever 500 (or a device that includes the lever500), an external server, or the like.

Image data to be used for decoration may be stored in the memory 221 ofthe smartphone 200, or may be given from a device that includes thelever 500, an external server, or the like.

The shape and the size of the right hand image 310A displayed on theliquid crystal display 223 differs in accordance with the manner ofimage capture. Thus, the smartphone 200 also has a function of deformingan image for decoration in accordance with the shape or the size of theright hand image 310A.

In the case of the present embodiment, this function is implementedthrough execution of an application program by the smartphone 200. Imageprocessing may be executed using a different computer such as a serverprovided externally to the smartphone 200 so that the result of theprocessing is reflected in the display on the liquid crystal display223.

FIG. 16 illustrates a different example of the case where the operationtarget is the lever 500.

Portions in FIG. 16 corresponding to those in FIG. 15 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

FIG. 16 assumes a case where the lever 500 is operated outdoors inwinter. Therefore, in the case of FIG. 16, a thick glove is added as adecoration to the right hand image 310A.

Operation Example 10

FIG. 17 illustrates a case where the operation target is a single-swingdoor 600 that opens and closes about a hinged portion.

The single-swing door 600 includes a mechanism 610 that electricallyopens and closes the single-swing door 600. The mechanism 610 isattached to a wall surface provided with a doorway. The mechanism 610 iscapable of directly or indirectly communicating with the smartphone 200through a wireless LAN or the like.

A switch 700 that is used to turn on and off a lighting fixture (notillustrated) is attached to the wall surface near the doorway.

Therefore, a single-swing door image 600A and a switch image 700A aredisplayed on the liquid crystal display 223 of the smartphone 200.

The right hand 310 of the user is positioned on a line that connectsbetween the single-swing door 600 and the smartphone 200 which arepresent in the real space. The right hand 310 is not in contact with thesingle-swing door 600.

Therefore, the right hand image 310A is displayed on the liquid crystaldisplay 223 as superposed on the single-swing door image 600A. In thecase of FIG. 17, the right hand image 310A is an actual image.

The single-swing door 600 illustrated in FIG. 17 opens toward thefarther side when pushed, and closes when pulled toward the closer side.

FIG. 18 illustrates a state in which the single-swing door 600 isslightly opened by capturing an image in which the user makes motion topush out his/her right hand 310 in the air using the smartphone 200.

In FIG. 18, the direction of motion of the right hand 310 is indicatedby an arrow. This motion of the right hand 310 is detected by thesmartphone 200 as an operation to open the single-swing door 600. Thesmartphone 200 transmits a signal that instructs execution of thedetected operation to the mechanism 610.

In this event, the smartphone 200 may transmit the speed of motion ofthe right hand 310 detected on an image to the mechanism 610. In thiscase, the mechanism 610 is able to reflect the given speed in the speedat which the mechanism 610 opens the single-swing door 600.

FIG. 19 illustrates a state in which the single-swing door 600 isgreatly opened by capturing an image in which the user makes motion topush out his/her right hand 310 in the air using the smartphone 200.

In FIG. 19, motion of the right hand 310 is continued, and drive by themechanism 610 is also continued.

Control may be performed such that, after operation to open thesingle-swing door 600 is detected, drive of the single-swing door 600 iscontinued even if motion of the right hand 310 is stopped. This isbecause the range in which the right hand 310 is movable during imagecapture by the smartphone 200 is narrower than the range in which thesingle-swing door 600 as the drive target is movable. This control maybe implemented as a function of the smartphone 200, or may beimplemented as a function of the mechanism 610.

In the case where motion to pull the right hand 310 toward the closerside is detected, the smartphone 200 detects the motion as an operationto close the single-swing door 600.

FIG. 20 illustrates a case where the single-swing door 600 is providedwith a lever-type handle (lever handle) 620.

In order to open such a single-swing door 600, it is necessary to makepushing motion after grasping and rotating the lever-type handle 620.

In FIG. 20, the right hand image 310A is displayed as superposed on thesingle-swing door image 600A and a handle image 620A.

The smartphone 200 illustrated in FIG. 20 detects an operation to openthe single-swing door 600 in the case where such motions in two stagesare detected sequentially. Operation after the detection is the same asthat described in relation to FIGS. 18 and 19.

In FIGS. 17 to 20, the single-swing door 600 is illustrated as anexample. However, the present invention is not limited to a swingingdoor that opens and closes with a door surface drawing an arc, and mayalso be applied to a sliding door guided by a groove or a rail to openand close linearly, a glide sliding door obtained by combining aswinging door and a sliding door, a folding door, a revolving door, etc.

The door is not limited to a single-swing door, and may be adouble-swing door.

Operation Example 11

FIG. 21 illustrates a case where an image capture target is a lightingfixture 800.

The lighting fixture 800 illustrated in FIG. 21 is electricallyconnected to the switch 700 of a position holding type through a wire(not illustrated). The lighting fixture 800 is turned on when the switch700 is operated on. The lighting fixture 800 is turned off when theswitch 700 is operated off.

In the case of FIG. 21, the lighting fixture 800 is provided with afunction of receiving operation to push out the index finger 301 in theair with the lighting fixture 800 turned off as an operation to turn on,and receiving operation to push out the index finger 301 in the air withthe lighting fixture 800 turned on as an operation to turn off.

Thus, when motion to push out the index finger 301 in the air is madewith the index finger image 301A superposed on a lighting fixture image800A displayed on the liquid crystal display 223 of the smartphone 200,a signal that switches the state is output from the smartphone 200 whichhas detected such motion to the lighting fixture 800. Specifically, asignal that instructs turn-off is output when the lighting fixture 800is turned on, and a signal that instructs turn-on is output when thelighting fixture 800 is turned off.

Switching of the state of the lighting fixture 800 is not limited to twostages. For example, when the lighting fixture 800 is turned on,switching may be made among states in which the brightness differs inseveral stages through motion of the user. In the case where the colorof illumination light from the lighting fixture 800 is switchable, thecolor may be switched through motion of the user.

In the earlier description, motion to push out the index finger 301 inthe air is detected as an operation. However, motion with one finger andmotion with two fingers may be detected as an operation for turn-on andan operation for turn-off, respectively, and motion to hold up a fingerand motion to keep a finger horizontal may be detected as an operationfor turn-on and an operation for turn-off, respectively. That is, thenumber of fingers or the direction of a finger in an image captured bythe camera 225 (see FIG. 3) may be associated with a particularoperation.

In any way, the state of operation of the lighting fixture 800 may beoperated without directly contacting the lighting fixture 800.

FIG. 22 illustrates a case where the image capture target is the switch700 that is used to turn on the lighting fixture 800.

Portions in FIG. 22 corresponding to those in FIG. 21 are given thecorresponding reference numerals.

As discussed earlier, the lighting fixture 800 is turned on by anoperation to turn on the switch 700, and turned off by an operation toturn off the switch 700.

FIG. 22 differs from FIG. 21 in that only the tip of the index finger isselectively displayed as the image 301A while other portions are notdisplayed.

In the case where the switch 700 has a function of communicating withthe smartphone 200, the smartphone 200 outputs a signal that switches onand off the switch 700 when there is an operation to push out the indexfinger 301 in the air with the index finger image 301A superposed on theswitch image 700A.

In some cases, the switch 700 does not have a function of communicatingwith the smartphone 200. Also in this case, if the relationship betweenthe switch 700 and the lighting fixture 800 has been given to thesmartphone 200, motion to push out the index finger 301 in the air withthe index finger image 301A superposed on the switch image 700A may bereceived as an operation on the lighting fixture 800.

The control target may alternatively be an air-conditioner, an audiodevice, a home electric appliance, or the like.

Operation Example 12

In the operation example discussed earlier, the smartphone 200 capturesan image of an object that is present in the real space. However, theimage capture target may be an image of an object that actually exists.

FIG. 23 illustrates a case where the image capture target is thecalculator image 400A displayed on a display device 900.

Portions in FIG. 23 corresponding to those in FIG. 14 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

The display device 900 is a television receiver or a monitor, forexample. The calculator image 400A is an image reproduced from imagedata obtained by capturing an image of the calculator 400 that actuallyexists.

A calculator image 400B obtained by capturing an image of the displaydevice 900 and the index finger image 301A are displayed on the liquidcrystal display 223 of the smartphone 200. As a matter of course, theindex finger 301 is not in contact with the display device 900.

This operation example is the same as Operation Example 8 described withreference to FIG. 14 except that the target of image capture by thesmartphone 200 differs from the calculator 400 that actually exists asthe operation target.

Also in this case, it is possible to operate the calculator 400 in thesame manner as in Operation Example 8 if the calculator 400 as theoperation target is specified in advance from a list of devices beingconnected with the smartphone 200 through a wireless LAN or the like.

The smartphone 200 is able to detect that the image capture target is acalculator through a technique of recognizing an image, even if therelationship between the calculator image 400A and the calculator 400that actually exists is unknown. In this case, the smartphone 200 maydesignate the calculator 400 which actually exists and is communicabletherewith to instruct execution of an operation corresponding to motionof the user.

It should be noted, however, that the calculator 400 which iscommunicable may not be operated through capturing an image of a gesturein the case where the calculator 400 is not prepared for an operationdetected by the smartphone 200.

Operation Example 13

The operation example discussed earlier assumes a case where theoperation target object (or an image thereof) and a part of the body ofthe user are captured in an image at the same time by the camera 225(see FIG. 3) provided to the smartphone 200. However, the operationtarget object may not be captured in an image.

FIG. 24 illustrates a case where motion of the user captured in an imageusing the smartphone 200 is associated with an operation of an operatordisplayed on a screen.

Portions in FIG. 24 corresponding to those in FIG. 6 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 24, the image forming apparatus 100 as the operationtarget is connected so as to be communicable with the smartphone 200 viaa network 1000 such as the Internet or a LAN.

In the case of FIG. 24, the liquid crystal display 223 displays an image270 (a button 271 for language switching and a button 272 for screenbrightness adjustment) obtained by capturing an image of a portion ofthe user interface section 110.

The liquid crystal display 223 displays an image synthesized from theindex finger image 301A captured by the camera 225 and the image 270although the image forming apparatus 100 is not present in front of thesmartphone 200.

The smartphone 200 performs image processing to generate the synthesizedimage. When the smartphone 200 receives motion of the index finger 301as an operation, the smartphone 200 transmits a signal that instructsexecution of the operation to the corresponding image forming apparatus100.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

In the case of the first exemplary embodiment discussed earlier, agesture by the user is captured in an image using the smartphone 200(see FIG. 1), and used to operate the image forming apparatus 100 (seeFIG. 1) that actually exists. However, a gesture by the user is notlimited to being captured in an image by the smartphone 200.

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a system according to a secondexemplary embodiment.

Portions in FIG. 25 corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 25, the user wears a glass-type terminal 1010. Thehardware configuration (see FIG. 3) and the software configuration (seeFIG. 4) of the glass-type terminal 1010 are the same as those of thesmartphone 200. It should be noted, however, that the touch pad 226 (seeFIG. 3) is not attached to the glass-type terminal 1010.

The user in FIG. 25 is seeing a user interface section image 110A.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

A physical operation and an operation by a gesture are notdifferentiated from each other for the operation target devices (e.g.image processing apparatus, calculator, lever, door, and lightingfixture) according to the exemplary embodiment discussed earlier.

A device that receives only an operation by a gesture will be describedin relation to the third exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 26 illustrates a case where a safe 1100 is captured in an image asthe operation target.

The safe 1100 illustrated in FIG. 26 has a function of being unlocked oncondition that a cylinder 1101 or push buttons 1102 disposed on thefront surface thereof are physically operated correctly, and a functionof disabling a physical operation on the cylinder 1101 and the pushbuttons 1102.

In the case where a physical operation is disabled, the safe 1100 isunlocked in the case where a signal corresponding to an operation of thepush buttons 1102 is received from the smartphone 200.

In this exemplary embodiment, a safe image 1100A and the index fingerimage 301A are displayed on the liquid crystal display 223. As a matterof course, the index finger image 301A corresponds to the index finger301. The index finger 301 is not in contact with the safe 1100, and ismoved in the air.

FIG. 27 illustrates an example of the hardware configuration of the safe1100.

The safe 1100 includes the cylinder 1101, the plural push buttons 1102on operation surfaces of which alphanumeric characters are printed, anMPU 1111, a ROM 1112 that stores data such as firmware, a RAM 1113 thatis used as a work area for a program, a communication section 1114 thatis used for communication with an external device such as the smartphone200 (see FIG. 26), and an unlocking control section 1115 thatelectrically unlocks and locks the cylinder 1101.

FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationexecuted by the MPU 1111.

First, the MPU 1111 determines whether or not a physical operation hasbeen disabled (step 201).

In the case where a positive result is obtained in step 201, the MPU1111 enables a setting for receiving only an operation from thesmartphone 200 (step 202).

In the case where a negative result is obtained in step 201, on theother hand, the MPU 1111 enables a setting for receiving a physicaloperation (step 203). In the case where a setting for receiving aphysical operation is enabled, an operation from the smartphone 200 isalso enabled.

After such a setting is made, the MPU 1111 determines whether or not thecontent of an operation matches a condition for unlocking (step 204).

In the case where a positive result is obtained in step 204, the MPU1111 unlocks the cylinder 1101 (step 205).

In the case where a negative result is obtained in step 204, on theother hand, the MPU 1111 disables the operation (step 206).

For example, in the case where a physical operation is disabled, alocked state is maintained even if a correct key is inserted into thecylinder 1101 (see FIG. 26) or the push buttons 1102 (see FIG. 26) areoperated in the correct order. In the case where an instruction tooperate the push buttons 1102 in the correct order is given from thesmartphone 200, on the other hand, unlocking is permitted.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

A method of operating by a gesture a subject captured in an image by aweb camera or the like as if the subject were present right in front ofthe eyes will be described.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a system according to a fourthexemplary embodiment.

In the system illustrated in FIG. 29, image data output from a webcamera 1200 are transmitted to the smartphone 200 by way of a network1300, and displayed on the liquid crystal display 223.

An image 600A of the single-swing door 600 is displayed on the liquidcrystal display 223 illustrated in FIG. 29.

FIG. 30 illustrates a case where the smartphone 200 receives motion of apart (right hand 310) of the body of the user as an operation on thesingle-swing door 600 as described in relation to the exemplaryembodiment discussed earlier.

Portions in FIG. 30 corresponding to those in FIG. 29 are given thecorresponding reference numerals.

In FIG. 30, the right hand image 310A captured by the smartphone 200 issuperposed on the single-swing door image 600A.

In this state, when the right hand 310 is moved so as to push out in theair, a signal that instructs an opening operation of the single-swingdoor 600 is output to the mechanism 610 connected by way of the network1300.

FIG. 31 illustrates a scheme in which plural users share information onan operation via the network 1300. Portions in FIG. 31 corresponding tothose in FIG. 30 are given the corresponding reference numerals.

FIG. 31 illustrates a case where image data output from the web camera1200 are acquired by a server 1400 and thereafter distributed to threesmartphones 200. The function of the server 1400 may be built in the webcamera 1200.

In the case of FIG. 31, all the smartphones 200 display the single-swingdoor image 600A.

FIG. 32 illustrates a case where the single-swing door 600 is pushedopen using one of the three smartphones 200. Portions in FIG. 32corresponding to those in FIG. 31 are denoted by the correspondingreference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 32, an operation received through one of the threesmartphones 200 is transmitted to the mechanism 610 of the single-swingdoor 600 through the server 1400. In the case where plural operations onthe single-swing door 600 are performed at a time, the server 1400according to the present embodiment gives priority to an operation thatarrives the earliest. In the case where contradictory operations arriveat a time, execution of such operations may be suspended. The phrase “ata time” means that operations arrive within a period determined inadvance.

FIG. 33 illustrates a scene in which a state in which the single-swingdoor 600 is open is shared among the three smartphones 200. Portions inFIG. 33 corresponding to those in FIG. 32 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

While the operation target displayed on the smartphone 200 is a devicein the exemplary embodiment discussed earlier, a case where theoperation target is not provided with a communication function will bedescribed.

FIG. 34 illustrates a case where an instruction to move a potted plant1500 is provided by a gesture. In FIG. 34, the user's right hand image310A and a potted plant image 1500A are displayed on the screen of thesmartphone 200. Also in this case, the right hand 310 in the actualspace is not in contact with the potted plant 1500.

The potted plant 1500 is not provided with a communication function or aself-running device. Therefore, unlike the exemplary embodimentdiscussed earlier, even if motion of the right hand 310 is captured inan image by the smartphone 200, the potted plant 1500 may not be movedin accordance with the motion.

In the present embodiment, a humanoid robot 1600 that has a self-runningfunction is designated as the destination of transmission of anoperation by a gesture. The robot 1600 as the destination oftransmission of an instruction may be designated from a list of devicesthat are capable of communicating with the smartphone 200, for example.

Although the robot 1600 illustrated in FIG. 34 has a humanoidappearance, the robot may have any appearance as long as a necessaryfunction is provided. For example, the robot may look like an animalsuch as a dog or a cat, a plant such as a flower or a tree, or a vehicleor a craft such as a car (including a train) or an airplane.

The robot 1600 illustrated in FIG. 34 includes a body portion 1611, ahead portion 1612, arms 1613 and 1615, hands 1614 and 1616, and legs1617 and 1618.

The body portion 1611 stores an electronic component for signalprocessing. The body portion 1611 may be provided with a display deviceor an acoustic device.

The head portion 1612 is coupled to the body portion 1611 via a jointmechanism provided at a neck portion. In the case of the presentembodiment, the joint mechanism is rotatable about three axes. Rotationsabout three axes include yaw (rotation about the z-axis), roll (rotationabout the x-axis), and pitch (rotation about the y-axis). The jointmechanism here is an example of the movable section.

It is not necessary that the joint mechanism should be rotatable aboutall the three axes, and the joint mechanism may be rotatable about onlyone axis or two axes. Such rotation may be implemented by a motor (notillustrated), or may be implemented manually. A case where the headportion 1612 is fixed with respect to the body portion 1611 is notexcluded.

The head portion 1612 is provided eyes 1612A and 1612B. The eyes 1612Aand 1612B may be disposed decoratively, or may include an image capturedevice, a projector, a lighting fixture, etc. built therein. The headportion 1612 may be provided with movable ears.

The arms 1613 and 1615 according to the present embodiment are coupledto the body portion 1611 via a joint mechanism. An overarm and a forearmof the arms 1613 and 1615 are coupled to each other via a jointmechanism. The joint mechanism here may be of a multi-axis type or asingle-axis type as with that for the head portion 1612. Rotation aboutan axis may be implemented by a motor (not illustrated), or may beimplemented manually. The arms 1613 and 1615 may be fixed to the bodyportion 1611. The joint mechanism here is also an example of the movablesection.

The arms 1613 and 1615 may be bent to an angle determined in advance tobe used to transport an object.

The hands 1614 and 1616 are coupled to the arms 1613 and 1615,respectively, via a joint mechanism provided at a wrist portion. A palmand fingers of the hands 1614 and 1616 are coupled to each other via ajoint mechanism. The joint mechanism here may be of a multi-axis type ora single-axis type as with that for the head portion 1612. Rotationabout an axis may be implemented by a motor (not illustrated), or may beimplemented manually. In the case of the present embodiment, the hands1614 and 1616 may grasp an object by opening and closing the fingers.The joint mechanism here is also an example of the movable section.

The hands 1614 and 1616 may be fixed with respect to the arms 1613 and1615, respectively.

The legs 1617 and 1618 may be coupled to the body portion 1611 via ajoint mechanism, or may be attached to the body portion 1611 as aself-running device such as a wheel or a caterpillar.

In the case where the legs 1617 and 1618 are coupled to the body portion1611 via a joint mechanism, the joint mechanism may be of a multi-axistype or a single-axis type as with that for the head portion 1612.

Rotation about an axis may be implemented by a motor (not illustrated),or may be implemented manually. The legs 1617 and 1618 may be fixed withrespect to the body portion 1611. The joint mechanism here is also anexample of the movable section.

FIG. 35 illustrates the hardware configuration of the robot 1600.

The robot 1600 includes a control section 1621 that controls motion ofthe entire device, a camera 1622 that captures an image of a scenearound the robot, a speaker 1623 that reproduces voices forconversation, tunes, and sound effects, a microphone 1624 that is usedto input or acquire a sound, a movable mechanism 1625 such as a jointmechanism, a communication section 1626 that is used to communicate withan external device (e.g. a smartphone), a display section 1627 thatdisplays an image, a moving mechanism 1628 that moves the entire device,a power source 1629 that supplies electric power to the varioussections, a sensor 1630 that is used to collect a state of the varioussections and information on the surroundings, and a position detectionsection 1631 that is used to acquire positional information. Suchsections are connected to each other via a bus 1632, for example.

It should be understood that the hardware configuration illustrated inFIG. 35 is exemplary. Thus, it is not necessary that the robot 1600should be provided with all the functional sections discussed earlier.

The robot 1600 may be further provided with a functional section (notillustrated). For example, the robot 1600 may be provided with a powerbutton, a storage device (such as a hard disk device or a semiconductormemory), a heat source (including a cooling source), or the like.

The control section 1621 is a so-called computer, and includes a CPU, aROM, and a RAM. The ROM stores a program to be executed by the CPU. TheCPU reads the program stored in the ROM, and executes the program usingthe RAM as a work area. The CPU controls operation of the varioussections constituting the robot 1600 through execution of the program.

This program includes a program associated with implementation of analgorithm corresponding to artificial intelligence. The CPU and the RAMconstituting the control section 1621 provide a computational resourcethat is used by the artificial intelligence.

The control section 1621 according to the present embodiment processesinformation acquired through the camera 1622, the microphone 1624, andthe sensor 1630, for example, with the artificial intelligence toautonomously determine operation that matches the surroundingenvironment and the state of the robot 1600.

For example, a voice may be output through the speaker 1623, a messagemay be transmitted through the communication section 1626, and an imagemay be output through the display section 1627.

The control section 1621 may establish communication with the userthrough input and output of such information and motion of the movablemechanism 1625. Examples of application of communication includecustomer attendance and leading meetings.

The control section 1621 also has a function of collecting additionalinformation through Internet search or communication with an externalcomputer in the case where an unknown situation occurs, and finding asolution in accordance with the degree of similarity to an event foundin the search.

In the case of the present embodiment, examples of the informationacquired by the control section 1621 include information obtainedthrough the senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and balanceand the temperature.

The sense of sight is implemented through a process of recognizing animage captured by the camera 1622.

The sense of hearing is implemented through a process of recognizing asound acquired by the microphone 1624.

Examples of the sense of touch include superficial sensation (such astouch, pain, and temperature), deep sensation (such as pressure,position, and vibration), and cortical sensation (such as two-pointdiscrimination and three-dimensional discrimination).

The control section 1621 is able to discriminate differences in thesense of touch.

The senses of touch, taste, smell, and balance and the temperature areimplemented through detection of information by the sensor 1630 ofvarious types. The temperature includes an ambient temperature, aninternal temperature, and the body temperature of a human or an animal.

The information acquired by the control section 1621 may include brainwaves of a human or an animal. In this case, the brain waves may beobtained by the communication section 1626 receiving information sentfrom a brain wave detection device mounted to a human or the like.

In the case of the present embodiment, the camera 1622 is disposed atthe positions of the eyes 1612A and 1612B (see FIG. 34).

In the case where a projector is used as the display section 1627, theprojector may be disposed at one or both of the eyes 1612A and 1612B(see FIG. 1), for example. The projector may be disposed in the bodyportion 1611 or the head portion 1612.

The movable mechanism 1625 may be used not only to transport an objectbut also to express a feeling.

In the case where the movable mechanism 1625 is used to transport anobject, the movable mechanism 1625 implements operation such asgrasping, holding, and supporting the object, for example, throughdeformation of the arms 1613 and 1615 and the hands 1614 and 1616 (seeFIG. 34).

In the case where the movable mechanism 1625 is used to express afeeling, the movable mechanism 1625 implements operation such as tiltingthe head, looking up, looking around, giving a cheer, and pointing afinger through drive of the head portion 1612, the arms 1613 and 1615,the hands 1614 and 1616, etc. (see FIG. 34), for example.

The communication section 1626 according to the present embodimentcommunicates with an external device wirelessly.

The robot 1600 is provided with a number of communication sections 1626,the number corresponding to the number of communication methods used byan external device assumed as the target of communication. Examples ofthe communication methods include infrared communication, visible lightcommunication, proximity wireless communication, Wi-Fi (registeredtrademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), RFID (registeredtrademark), ZigBee (registered trademark), IEEE 802.11a (registeredtrademark), MulteFire, and Low Power Wide Area (LPWA).

Bands used for wireless communication include a short-wavelength region(e.g. 800 MHz to 920 MHz) and a long-wavelength region (e.g. 2.4 GHz and5 GHz).

The communication section 1626 and the external device may be connectedto each other using a communication cable.

The display section 1627 may be used to achieve visual communicationwith the user. For example, the display section 1627 may displaycharacters and figures.

In the case where the display section 1627 is disposed at the headportion 1612, the display section 1627 may display a facial expression.

In the case of the present embodiment, a wheel or a caterpillar is usedfor the moving mechanism 1628. However, the robot 1600 may be moved by apneumatic force using a propeller or a compressed air blowout mechanism.

A secondary battery is used for the power source 1629 according to thepresent embodiment. However, any of a primary battery, a fuel cell, anda solar cell that generate electric power may also be used.

Alternatively, the robot 1600 may receive supply of electric power froman external device through a power cable, rather than from the powersource 1629.

In the case of the present embodiment, the robot 1600 is provided withthe position detection section 1631.

The position detection section 1631 utilizes a method in which locationinformation is read from a global positioning system (GPS) signal, anIndoor MEssaging System (IMES) method in which an indoor position ismeasured using a signal that is equivalent to the GPS signal, a Wi-Fiposition measurement method in which a position is measured from theintensity, arrival time, etc. of radio waves transmitted from pluralWi-Fi access points, a base-station position measurement method in whicha position is measured from the direction and delay time of a responseto a signal regularly generated from a base station, a sound-waveposition measurement method in which a position is measured by receivingultrasonic waves in an inaudible range, a Bluetooth position measurementmethod in which a position is measured by receiving radio waves from abeacon that uses Bluetooth, a visible-light position measurement methodin which a position is measured using positional information transferredby flashing on and off of illumination light from a light emitting diode(LED) or the like, or an autonomous navigation method in which thecurrent position is measured using an acceleration sensor, a gyrosensor, etc., for example.

FIG. 36 illustrates how the potted plant 1500 is moved using the robot1600.

Portions in FIG. 36 corresponding to those in FIG. 34 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

As in the other exemplary embodiments, the user moves his/her right hand310 in the space in front of the smartphone 200, and captures an imageof such motion.

When the motion of the right hand 310 is received as an operation, thesmartphone 200 instructs the robot 1600, which is able to move to thepotted plant 1500, to execute the operation. The operation is to movethe potted plant 1500 sideways.

When the instruction for movement is received, the robot 1600 moves tothe location of the potted plant 1500 which is the target of movement,and grasps and moves the potted plant 1500 sideways.

In this event, the smartphone 200 displays a robot image 1600A graspingand moving the potted plant image 1500A and the right hand image 310A.In the case of FIG. 36, the right hand image 310A is displayed as atransparent image in order to facilitate confirmation of the robot image1600A.

In the case of FIG. 36, both the potted plant 1500 and the robot 1600actually exist in front of the eyes of the user, and thus there islittle need to display the right hand image 310A in a transparentmanner. In the case where the potted plant image 1500A being displayedon the smartphone 200 is not present in front of the eyes of the user(e.g. in the case where the smartphone 200 displays an image from a webcamera), however, the right hand image 310A may be displayed in atransparent manner in order to facilitate confirmation of a scene in theactual space.

Other Exemplary Embodiments

While exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited tothe exemplary embodiments discussed above. It is apparent from thefollowing claims that a variety of modifications and improvements thatmay be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed above also fallwithin the technical scope of the present invention.

(1) For example, in the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, thesmartphone 200 (see FIG. 1) or the glass-type terminal (see FIG. 25) isused to operate an object that is present in the real space. However,the information processing apparatus that receives a gesture of the useras an operation may be a tablet terminal, a so-called digital camera, ora gaming device, for example, that includes a camera for image capture,a display section, and a communication section.

(2) In the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, the smartphone 200executes a process of receiving motion of a part of the body of the usercaptured in an image by the smartphone 200 as an operation. However, thesmartphone 200 may be used as a unit that captures an image of motion ofa part of the body, and an external device (e.g. a server) may execute aprocess of receiving such motion as an operation.

(3) In the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, a glove is describedas an example of an object that decorates a part of the body of the userin accordance with the situation of use. However, a garment or the likemay be added as decoration. Nails may be manicured on the screen. In thecase where an operation is performed using a foot, footwear that matchesthe situation of use may be added as decoration. Examples of thefootwear include a business shoe, a sports shoe, a sandal, and a boot.

(4) In the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, the smartphone 200is positioned in front of the object as the operation target to be atthe facing position. However, the facing position is not limited to aposition in front.

FIG. 37 illustrates a different example of positions facing the imageforming apparatus 100.

In FIG. 37, the smartphone 200 is positioned diagonally forward rightof, diagonally rearward right of, in rear of, diagonally rearward leftof, and diagonally forward left of the image forming apparatus 100. Suchpositions are examples of the position facing the image formingapparatus 100.

(5) In the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, the buttonsdisplayed on the user interface section 110 (see FIG. 1) of the imageforming apparatus 100 (see FIG. 1) are operated by a gesture. However,the housing section 140 (see FIG. 1) for paper may be opened and closedby a gesture.

FIG. 38 illustrates an example in which the housing section 140 forpaper is opened and closed by a gesture. The housing section 140 forpaper is the operation target, and thus a housing section image 140A andthe user's right hand image 310A are displayed on the liquid crystaldisplay 223 of the smartphone 200. In FIG. 38, the right hand 310 ispulled toward the closer side as indicated by an arrow. In the case ofthis example, the housing section 140 for paper, which is detected assuperposed on the right hand image 310A, is pulled out toward the closerside even if the buttons displayed on the user interface section 110 arenot operated. As a matter of course, it is necessary, as a precondition,that a motor (not illustrated) that drives the housing section 140should be built in the image forming apparatus 100. The housing section140 for paper may also be closed by moving the right hand 310 toward thefarther side.

(6) In the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, an operation that issimilar to that performed in the case where the user interface section110 is directly operated is implemented by a gesture. In the case wherea particular portion as the operation target is designated by a gesture,the content displayed on the user interface section 110 may be switchedto display including buttons associated with the designated portion.

FIG. 39 illustrates an operation example for a case where a mechanism(post-processing device 150) that applies a punching process or abinding process to printed paper is provided. The post-processing device150 may include a sorting mechanism.

In FIG. 39, the index finger image 301A is superposed on apost-processing device image 150A.

In the case of the present embodiment, a select operation by the indexfinger image 301A and a function of opening the page for settingassociated with the post-processing device 150 are assigned to thepost-processing device image 150A.

FIGS. 40A to 40C illustrate screen variations caused on the displaysection 111 in the case where the post-processing device image 150A (seeFIG. 39) is selected by the index finger image 301A, in which FIG. 40Aillustrates display before a gesture by the index finger image 301A isreceived, FIG. 40B illustrates display after a gesture by the indexfinger image 301A is received, and FIG. 40C illustrates an example of ascreen of the smartphone 200 that receives an operation by a gesture.

In FIG. 40B, the display section 111 has been switched to a screenincluding a button 110B for designating whether or not to execute abinding process, even if the display section 111 is captured in an imageby the smartphone 200 and operated by a gesture.

As a matter of course, the portion to which a particular gesture and aparticular function are assigned is not limited to the post-processingdevice 150. For example, such a portion may be the back surface of theimage forming apparatus 100 (see FIG. 1). In the case where selection bya gesture is received with a connection terminal or a communication linedisposed on the back surface captured in an image, the display section111 may display a menu screen that is used to adjust or set theconnection terminal.

(7) In the exemplary embodiments discussed earlier, the liquid crystaldisplay 223 of the smartphone 200 displays reception of an operation bya gesture. However, a function of warning the user in the case where anerroneous operation or an unexpected operation is received may beprovided.

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of a function of notifying the user thata gesture of continuously pushing is detected even after thesingle-swing door 600 is opened to a maximum allowable angle.

Portions in FIG. 41 corresponding to those in FIG. 19 are denoted by thecorresponding reference numerals.

In the case of FIG. 41, a small screen 290 that includes a warningstatement “Door does not open any further!” is displayed at the lowerportion of the liquid crystal display 223.

The notification may be made by a voice. The notification is not limitedto characters and a sound, and an image of the object recognized as theoperation target may be changed etc.

While the user is informed of the upper limit of the movable range inthis example, the user may be notified of detection of an operation inan immovable direction. In addition, the user may be notified of how toperform a correct operation.

However, it is not necessary that the user should always be notified ofa correct operation. s of such a case include a case where the operationtarget is a safe. This is because people other than a particular personare not permitted to unlock a safe. An operator (such as an authorizedperson or an owner) that is authenticated from the user account or thelike of the smartphone 200 sending an instruction for an operation maybe notified of how to perform a correct operation.

The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention has been provided for the purposes of illustration anddescription. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modificationsand variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, therebyenabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited tothe particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of theinvention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An information processing apparatus that is usedin contact with a user, comprising: a detection unit that detects motionof the user, the motion being performed to operate an object as anoperation target that is present in a real space from a facing position,and the motion being performed in the real space without contacting theobject; and a control unit that instructs the object to execute anoperation corresponding to the detected motion of the user.
 2. Theinformation processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thedetection unit detects the motion of the user from an image in which theobject and a part of a body of the user are captured at a same time. 3.The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein theimage is captured by the user.
 4. The information processing apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein the part of the body of the user isdisplayed as superposed on the object.
 5. The information processingapparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control unit associates thedetected motion of the user with the object which is detected assuperposed on the part of the body of the user on the image.
 6. Theinformation processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein thecontrol unit detects a part of a body determined in advance as adetection target.
 7. The information processing apparatus according toclaim 6, wherein the part of the body determined in advance is a fingeror a hand.
 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6,wherein the part of the body determined in advance is a foot.
 9. Theinformation processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thedetection unit detects, as a detection target, the motion of the userperformed in a case where the object and a part of a body of the userare captured in an image at a same time.
 10. The information processingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operation corresponding tothe motion of the user is prepared for each of individual portions ofthe object.
 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim1, wherein the control unit instructs the object to execute an operationonly in a case where the user whose motion has been detected is a userpermitted to operate the object.
 12. The information processingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the user is notified in a casewhere the object is unable to execute the operation corresponding to thedetected motion of the user.
 13. The information processing apparatusaccording to claim 12, wherein the user is notified of a method ofcorrectly operating the object.
 14. The information processing apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines a content ofthe operation corresponding to the detected motion of the user inaccordance with the object.
 15. The information processing apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the control unit acquires a function ofthe object that is operable through communication with the object. 16.The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein thecontrol unit displays a body of the user in a transparent manner so thatthe object is not hidden by the body of the user.
 17. The informationprocessing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unitselectively displays a part of a body of the user so that the object isnot hidden by the body of the user.
 18. The information processingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit displays anotation that suggests a portion of a body of the user as superposed onthe object.
 19. The information processing apparatus according to claim1, wherein the control unit notifies the user that the motion of theuser has been received as an operation.
 20. The information processingapparatus according to claim 19, wherein the control unit displays aportion of a body whose motion has been received as an operation in amanner that is different from that before reception.
 21. The informationprocessing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unitdisplays equipment that is used to operate the object as superposed on abody of the user.
 22. The information processing apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the control unit displays equipment that matches anenvironment in which the object is present as superposed on a body ofthe user.
 23. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the detection unit detects the motion of a part of a body of theuser from an image in which a screen that displays an image of theobject and the part of the body of the user are captured at a same time.24. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe control unit determines a content of an operation corresponding tothe motion of the user from an image synthesized from an image in whichthe object is captured and an image in which a part of a body of theuser is captured.
 25. The information processing apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the control unit instructs a different device thatincludes a movable section to execute the operation corresponding to themotion of the user in a case where the operation requires a physicaloperation on the object.
 26. An information processing apparatuscomprising: a control unit that permits execution of an operation in acase where a communication that instructs execution of an operationcorresponding to motion of a user performed in a real space withoutcontacting the information processing apparatus is received from aterminal that is used in contact with the user.
 27. The informationprocessing apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the control unitpermits execution of the operation only if instructed from the terminal.28. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program causinga computer that is used in contact with a user to function as: adetection unit that detects motion of the user from a location of theuser, the motion being performed to operate an object as an operationtarget that is present in a real space from a facing position, and themotion being performed in the real space without contacting the object;and a control unit that instructs the object to execute an operationcorresponding to the detected motion of the user.